In March 2016, the federal district court in Massachusetts (the “District Court”), issued a decision in Sun Capital Partners III, LP v. New England Teamsters & Trucking Industry Pension Fund, 2013 U.S. App. LEXIS 15190 (1st Cir. 2013) (“Sun Capital”), holding that, for purposes of pension withdrawal liability under Title IV of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), as amended by the Multiemployer Pension Plan Amendment Act of 1980 (MPPAA), two private equity funds were engaged in a trade or business and that they were under “common control” with the portfolio company such that they were jointly and severally liable for its pension withdrawal liability.